Paraphrasing,
Summarizing and Quoting
Why use quotations, paraphrases, and summaries?
Quotations, paraphrases, and summaries serve many purposes. You might use
them to:
•
Provide support for claims or add credibility to
your writing
•
Refer to work that leads up to the work you are now
doing
•
Give examples of several points of view on a subject
•
Call attention to a position that you wish to agree
or disagree with
•
Highlight a particularly striking phrase, sentence,
or passage by quoting the original
•
Distance yourself from the original by quoting it in
order to cue readers that the words are not your own
Expand the breadth or depth of your writing
Paraphrasing and summarizing
are very similar. Both involve taking ideas, words or phrases from a source and
crafting them into new sentences within your writing. In addition, summarizing
includes condensing the source material into just a few lines. Whether
paraphrasing or summarizing, credit is always given to the author.
Summarizing
When we summarize, you put the main
idea(s) into your own words, including only the main point(s).
•
Summarized ideas must be attributed to the original source.
•
Summaries are significantly shorter than the original.
•
Summaries take a broad overview of source material.
•
Instead of using many direct quotations in an essay, it is better to
paraphrase and summarize your sources whenever possible.
•
Use your own words.
•
Do not use quotation marks.
•
State only the most important idea or fact.
•
Use as few words as possible
Paraphrasing
Use paraphrasing as an alternative to direct quotation. It can be used for short passages.
Paraphrasing involves putting a passage from source material into your own words.
•
Attribute paraphrases to their original sources.
•
Paraphrases are usually shorter than, but may be the same length as the original passage.
•
Paraphrases take a more focused segment of the source and condense it
slightly.
Use paraphrasing as an alternative to direct quotation. It can be used for short passages.
•
Use your
own words.
•
Keep all
the details of the original.
•
Cite the
source and the date.
•
Do NOT use
quotation marks
•
Example:
•
"a
huge purpose built campus means that everyone is guaranteed accommodation in
the first year."
Paraphrase:
•
The
specially built campus is very large so all first year students can live there.
We did some activity in lab class according to what we learnt so far :
• Find the resources as below and write the citation
• Write in A4 paper and make it as a report (compile and bind)
• Please submit in week 9
• 2 books
• - 1 Book with three author
• - 1 Book with edited
• 1 Magazine
• 1 Journal
• 1 Online Journal
• 2 website
• 1 CD/Cusseta
• Interview Session
